After a first quick check, I found some overwritten metadata in the file you provided. What I did is to fix what I found so far (see attachment).
Caution: Please backup the current .vmdk file prior to making any changes, to ensure we have a way back to the original/current state!
With the attached .bin file run:
dsfi.exe "ROS Indigo Common 64_v1-disk2.vmdk" 0 1536 "ROS Indigo Common 64_v1-disk2.bin"
to inject the modified metadata.
If you are still getting errors, I'd like to check the whole .vmdk's metadata.To extract the metadata run:
dsfo.exe "ROS Indigo Common 64_v1-disk2.vmdk" 0 6619136 "ROS Indigo Common 64_v1-disk2.bin"
André